Human-carnivore conflict is increasing throughout the world. Nowhere is this more apparent than in Tanzania where in the southeastern part of the country lions have killed close to 600 people and injured at least another 300 since 1990. Not only are the numbers high, but in the past five years, attacks have increased almost fourfold. These attacks are not cases of chance encounters with sick or injured lions, but rather cases of lions entering into human settlements and agricultural in search of human prey. It not surprising that people living in fear for their lives will retaliate against lions in the region and no one would question the killing of man-eating lions, but retaliation against unoffending lions poses a major threat to lion conservation. Tanzania is not only home to 25-50% of all African lions, but it also gains a large proportion of its economic revenue from photographic tourism and hunting, which both rely partially on the presence of lions. Since a healthy lion population is one of Tanzania’s major conservation and economic assets, research and funds must be focused on how best to reduce conflict between rural communities and lions. I propose to conduct an analysis of environmental and human factors linked to attacks in the two districts hardest hit by lions attacks, Rufiji and Lindi. Using methods such as GPS mapping, interviews, GPS tracking, and GIS analysis, I hope to determine the specific factors that influence attack location and the factors that have led to the increase in attacks over the last five years. The goals of my project are to understand the conditions that cause attacks to occur and to provide the necessary information to develop solutions to this critical problem. Research in this area provides a unique opportunity to collect and disseminate comprehensive information about human-lion conflict, prevent the loss of human lives, and help conserve lions throughout Africa. The severity of current human-lion conflict in southeastern Tanzanian cannot be overstated; it affects the lives and livelihoods of villagers, poses a threat to lion survival, and has the potential to harm all of Tanzania by affecting tourism, a major contributor to the Tanzanian economy.